Alloy resistors are composed of alloy materials and lead-out terminals and work according to Ohm's law. They have the advantages of high precision, high stability, high reliability and corrosion resistance, and are widely used in fields such as power electronics, industrial automation, automotive electronics and communication equipment. 

A shunt is a precision instrument for measuring direct current. According to Ohm's law, it uses metal resistors with low resistance values (such as manganin alloys). It has parameters such as rated current, voltage drop and accuracy class. It can extend the range of an ammeter and is mostly applied in scenarios where large currents are measured. 

Temperature sensors can sense temperature changes and convert them into signals. Their working principles involve the thermoresistive effect, the thermoelectric effect and the semiconductor effect. The types include thermocouple sensors, resistance temperature detectors and semiconductor temperature sensors, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. They are applied in fields such as industry, consumer electronics and environmental monitoring.