As a crucial part of the power IC, DCDC can convert DC voltages. Based on components such as inductors and capacitors, it changes the output voltage by controlling the on-off state of the switching tubes and utilizing the energy storage and release of the inductors. It features high efficiency and adjustability. It is widely used in electronic devices such as mobile, industrial, and communication devices to manage battery voltages and supply power to components.

LDO, namely Low Dropout Regulator, stabilizes the output voltage by adjusting the on-resistance of the internal power transistor. It has the advantage of low dropout and can operate under the condition of a small difference between the input and output voltages. Moreover, it features low noise and is easy to use, requiring only a small number of capacitors for filtering. It is widely used in fields such as consumer electronics, industrial control, and medical electronics, and can provide stable and suitable voltages for chips in various devices and improve their performance.

ACDC is a device or circuit that converts alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC). It undergoes processes such as rectification, filtering, and voltage regulation. For rectification, a diode bridge is used to convert the input AC into pulsating DC. For filtering, capacitors and inductors are employed to smooth the voltage. For voltage regulation, linear or switching voltage regulation techniques are utilized to ensure the stability of the output voltage. It has strong adaptability to input, diverse output, and a wide power range. It is widely used in fields such as consumer electronics, industry, and communication, providing suitable DC power for various types of equipment.

A voltage reference is a circuit or device that provides a high-precision and stable output voltage and can serve as a standard for comparison and calibration of other circuits. Its characteristics include high precision (measured in ppm), high stability (the output remains stable under different environmental conditions, such as when the temperature changes), and low noise. Common types include the bandgap voltage reference (based on the principle of semiconductor bandgap energy) and the Zener voltage reference (utilizing the reverse breakdown characteristics of the Zener diode). It is mainly applied in scenarios such as measurement and testing instruments to calibrate the measurement circuits and ensure the accuracy of the results.

Driver chips are integrated circuits that control and drive external devices. They can amplify and convert signals, and have multiple driving modes and protection functions. According to the driving objects, they can be classified into display driver chips, motor driver chips, LED driver chips, etc., which are respectively applied to corresponding scenarios such as display devices, motor control, LED lighting and display screens, and play a crucial role in various fields.

Voltage monitoring can monitor the power supply voltage in real time. By using a comparator or an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), it compares the actual voltage with the preset reference voltage to detect its changes. The reset function is closely related to voltage monitoring. When an abnormal voltage is detected, it is triggered to make the key circuits of the system return to the initial state. Its features include high-precision monitoring, flexible setting of thresholds, and diverse reset methods. It is applied in scenarios such as the development and testing of electronic products, industrial control systems, and battery-powered devices to ensure the normal and safe operation of the equipment.

Isolated power supplies are power supplies with electrical isolation between the input and output, which is achieved through isolating components such as transformers, optical couplers or capacitors. Their working principles vary depending on the isolating components. Transformers utilize electromagnetic induction, optical couplers perform photoelectric conversion, and capacitors transfer energy through electric field coupling. The advantages are high safety, which can prevent electric shock; strong anti-interference ability, which can reduce the impact of electromagnetic interference; and flexible grounding methods. They are applied in scenarios such as ensuring safety in medical equipment, ensuring stable operation in industrial automation, and reducing interference in communication equipment.

Battery management IC is a chip that manages the charging and discharging of batteries and monitors their status. In terms of charging management, it supports multiple modes such as constant current and constant voltage charging, and can accurately adjust the current and voltage according to the type, capacity and status of the battery. In terms of discharging management, it can prevent excessive discharging and reasonably allocate the discharging power of multiple modules. The monitoring functions cover battery capacity, temperature and battery equalization management. The algorithm for capacity monitoring is precise, temperature monitoring can deal with high and low temperatures, and battery equalization management can handle the voltage differences in series or parallel battery packs. Moreover, it has various interfaces and can communicate with external devices, transmit battery status information and receive instructions.

The power module is a component that integrates various power functional circuits, including power conversion circuits (such as AC-DC rectification and voltage regulation, DC-DC step-up and step-down), filtering circuits (using capacitors and inductors to filter out noise and interference), and protection circuits (over-current, over-voltage, and short-circuit protection). It has a compact size, is convenient for installation, and has multiple installation methods. It is applied in computers and their peripherals, communication equipment, industrial control equipment, etc., providing stable and reliable power for them and ensuring the normal operation and reliability of the equipment.

A transformer is an electrical device that changes alternating current voltage based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. It consists of an iron core (made of laminated silicon steel sheets), windings (made of copper wire, and the turns ratio determines the voltage transformation), and insulating materials. Electrical energy is input through the primary winding and output through the secondary winding. Although there are copper losses and iron losses, they can be optimized by material selection. Power transformers are used for power transmission and voltage reduction in power systems, with the advantages of high efficiency and stability. Audio transformers are used in audio equipment to match impedance and isolate direct current, improving sound quality. High-frequency transformers are used in high-frequency circuits such as mobile phone chargers, enabling the miniaturization of equipment.